#!/usr/bin/env bash # # setup_pg_wsl.sh — WSL (Ubuntu/Debian) 下一键装 PostgreSQL + pgvector 开发环境 # # 用法(在 WSL 终端里,不要用 Windows 的 CMD/PowerShell 跑): # sudo bash setup_pg_wsl.sh # # 三态幂等: # 1) 未安装 -> 安装 + 启动 # 2) 已安装未运行 -> 仅启动 # 3) 已安装且运行 -> 完全不动(不重装 / 不重启;仅幂等确保库/用户/扩展存在) # # 仅用于本地开发 / 迁移验证,生产环境请改强密码并单独评审配置。 # set -euo pipefail # ============================ 配置(按需修改)============================ PG_VERSION=16 # PostgreSQL 大版本,pgvector HNSW 在 13+ 均可用 DB_NAME=fashion # 业务库名(替换成你的项目库) DB_USER=fashion # 应用账号 DB_PASS="fashion_dev_2026" # 仅本地开发;生产务必换成强密码 # ========================================================================= log() { echo -e "\033[32m==>\033[0m $*"; } # 需要 root if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then echo "请以 root 运行: sudo bash $0"; exit 1 fi # 发行版探测(仅提示,不强制) if [ -r /etc/os-release ]; then . /etc/os-release log "检测到发行版: ${PRETTY_NAME:-unknown}" case "${ID:-}" in ubuntu|debian) ;; *) echo "⚠️ 本脚本面向 Ubuntu/Debian WSL,其他发行版请自行调整 apt 命令";; esac fi # PG 是否在运行(用超级用户连 postgres 库试探,对活实例零副作用) pg_is_running() { sudo -u postgres psql -d postgres -tAc "SELECT 1" >/dev/null 2>&1; } # 1) 已装则跳过安装(不重装) if command -v psql >/dev/null 2>&1; then log "PostgreSQL 已安装 ($(psql --version 2>/dev/null || echo unknown)),跳过安装" else log "安装依赖并添加 PostgreSQL 官方 apt 源" # 关键:先清掉旧的 pgdg 源与坏 key,否则下面第一次 apt-get update 会因旧 .asc key # 报 "not signed" 返回非零,被 set -e 直接退出,导致修 key 步骤永远没机会执行。 rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list rm -f /usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg/apt.postgresql.org.asc apt-get update -y apt-get install -y curl ca-certificates gnupg lsb-release # 加 pgdg 源(官方标准:armored key -> dearmor 成 .gpg,signed-by 指向 .gpg) install -d /usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg curl -fsSL https://www.postgresql.org/media/keys/ACCC4CF8.asc -o /tmp/pgdg-key.asc gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg/apt.postgresql.org.gpg /tmp/pgdg-key.asc chmod 644 /usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg/apt.postgresql.org.gpg echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/postgresql-common/pgdg/apt.postgresql.org.gpg] https://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main" \ > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list apt-get update -y apt-get install -y "postgresql-$PG_VERSION" "postgresql-client-$PG_VERSION" fi # 2) pgvector(已可用则跳过,不重装) if sudo -u postgres psql -d postgres -tAc "SELECT 1 FROM pg_available_extensions WHERE name='vector'" 2>/dev/null | grep -q 1; then log "pgvector 已可用,跳过" else log "安装 pgvector 扩展" if apt-get install -y "postgresql-$PG_VERSION-pgvector"; then : else echo "apt 无 pgvector 包,改用源码编译..." apt-get install -y "build-essential" "postgresql-server-dev-$PG_VERSION" git tmp=$(mktemp -d) git clone --depth 1 https://github.com/pgvector/pgvector.git "$tmp/pgvector" make -C "$tmp/pgvector" make -C "$tmp/pgvector" install rm -rf "$tmp" fi fi # 3) 仅在未运行时启动;已在运行则完全不动 if pg_is_running; then log "PostgreSQL 已在运行,跳过启动 / 重启" else log "启动 PostgreSQL" pg_ctlcluster "$PG_VERSION" main start 2>/dev/null \ || service postgresql start 2>/dev/null \ || systemctl start postgresql # 等实例就绪(最多 15s) for i in $(seq 1 15); do if pg_is_running; then break; fi sleep 1 done if ! pg_is_running; then echo "❌ PostgreSQL 启动失败,请查日志: journalctl -u postgresql 或 /var/log/postgresql/"; exit 1 fi fi # 4) 幂等确保库/用户/扩展(对运行中实例无副作用,不重启) log "确保用户、数据库与 pgvector 扩展存在(幂等)" sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD '$DB_PASS';" sudo -u postgres psql -c "CREATE ROLE $DB_USER LOGIN PASSWORD '$DB_PASS';" 2>/dev/null \ || echo " 角色 $DB_USER 已存在,跳过" sudo -u postgres psql -tc "SELECT 1 FROM pg_database WHERE datname='$DB_NAME'" | grep -q 1 \ || sudo -u postgres createdb -O "$DB_USER" "$DB_NAME" sudo -u postgres psql -d "$DB_NAME" -c "CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS vector;" # 5) 本地访问配置:仅当 listen 还不是 localhost 才改;运行中走在线 reload,绝不重启 PGCONF="/etc/postgresql/$PG_VERSION/main/postgresql.conf" if [ -f "$PGCONF" ]; then if grep -q "^listen_addresses = 'localhost'" "$PGCONF"; then : # 已配置,无需改动 else log "调整 listen_addresses=localhost(仅本地)" sed -i "s/^#*listen_addresses = .*/listen_addresses = 'localhost'/" "$PGCONF" if pg_is_running; then pg_ctlcluster "$PG_VERSION" main reload 2>/dev/null \ || sudo -u postgres psql -d postgres -c "SELECT pg_reload_conf();" >/dev/null 2>&1 \ || echo " ⚠️ reload 失败,配置将在下次重启生效" else log "(实例未运行,配置将在下次启动时生效)" fi fi fi # 6) 验证 log "验证安装" sudo -u postgres psql -d "$DB_NAME" \ -c "SELECT version();" \ -c "SELECT extname, extversion FROM pg_extension WHERE extname='vector';" cat < '[...]'::vector) AS sim FROM image_embedding WHERE kind = 0 ORDER BY embedding <=> '[...]'::vector LIMIT 20; EOF